Changes of the pain before-after intervention | The peer group | The control group | T | P | |
Self-efficacy | before | 91.80 ± 18.40 | 97.00 ± 26.00 | −1.24 | 0.21 |
after | 150.4 ± 24 | 97.20 ± 19.60 | 12.10 | 0.00 | |
Burden of Emotion | before | 2.38 ± 0.96 | 2.34 ± 1.25 | 0.14 | 0.89 |
after | 1.62 ± 0.45 | 2.42 ± 0.93 | −5.44 | 0.00 | |
Pain related to Doctors | before | 1.78 ± 0.69 | 1.97 ± 1.95 | −1.25 | 0.21 |
after | 2.63 ± 1.45 | 2.13 ± 1.02 | 2.65 | 0.00 | |
Pain concerned with daily routine | before | 3.09 ± 0.74 | 2.86 ± 0.66 | 1.51 | 0.13 |
after | 1.64 ± 0.48 | 2.67 ± 0.56 | −9.82 | 0.00 | |
Pain related to interpersonal relationship | before | 2.00 ± 1.17 | 1.87 ± 1.03 | 0.55 | 0.57 |
after | 1.40 ± 0.54 | 1.88 ± 0.95 | −3.09 | 0.00 | |
Total rate of diabetes pain | before | 80% | 78% | 0.06 | 4.244 |
after | 52% | 72% | 0.806 | 0.039 |