Reference

Sample size

p-value

Conclusion

[92]

295

Adolescents above median BMI for their age had increased systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0009), fasting insulin (p = 0.0001), and TG (p-0.0002), and decreased HDL-C (p = 0.007).

Insulin-resistant adolescents above the median BMI for their age had higher TG and lower HDL-C than their insulin-sensitive counterparts.

[103]

2204

p < 0.0001

Increased adolescent measurements of systolic blood pressure, serum TG levels, and BMI were predictive of hypertension in adulthood.

[107]

497

The severity of child and adolescent systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.01) hypertension is positively correlated with the severity of obesity.

[108]

5486

p < 0.01

The odds of having left ventricular hypertrophy were 4.19 times higher in obese patients than non-obese patients.

[110]

467

p < 0.001

In children, increasing BMI was positively correlated with increasing left ventricular mass.

[111]

824

p = 0.001

In young adults, BMI was positively correlated with eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy.

[112]

160

p < 0.2

In children, excess weight may correlate to left ventricular hypertrophy beyond normal cardiac growth.

[113]

343

Obese African-American adolescents had significantly higher left ventricular mass (p = 0.01) and wall thickness (p < 0.001) as compared to their non-obese counterparts.

[39]

769

Men: p = 0.002

Women: P = 0.009

Childhood TC levels are significantly correlated with increased cIMT in both adult men and women.

p < 0.01

Childhood BMI is significantly correlated with increased cIMT in adult women.

[40]

486

p < 0.001

Any single measurement of elevated LDL-C or BMI in childhood is associated with increased cIMT in adulthood.