References

Sample size

p-value

Conclusion

[55]

p < 0.001

p < 0.05

In adolescent males exposed to SHS, increased levels of serum cotinine were associated with increased deterioration of cIMT and intimal smoothness.

p < 0.001

Increased levels of serum cotinine were associated with decreased vascular endothelial function.

[62]

Past and current exposure to SHS is associated with increased cIMT

[48]

10

p < 0.001

Adults have a significantly decreased serum antioxidant level after exposure to SHS of 30 minutes.

[63]

143

Children exposed to SHS had lower response to oxidant stress.

[64]

84

p < 0.01

Infants exposed to SHS had significantly decreased levels of serum antioxidants (albumin, thiol, uric acid, bilirubin), and significantly increased oxidative metabolism byproducts.

[46]

Increased SHS exposure at home was associated with increased risk of acute ischemic cerebrovascular events in children.