Before aroma massage

After aroma massage

P value

Respiratory rate (bpm)

23 (10)

20 (6)

0.0348

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

92 (19)

87 (18)

0.023

Heart rate (bpm)

89 (18)

85 (22)

0.056

VAS (mm)

6.5 (1.6)

4.4 (2.0)

<0.00001

Activity of α-amylase in the saliva (kIU/L)

49 (11.8 - 93.8)

15.5 (3 - 71.3)

0.00972