| Before tutorial | After tutorial | t-test | ||||
| mean | 95% CI | SD | mean | 95% CI | SD | |
Duration of the epidural needle advancement phase (seconds) | 22.6 | (16.8 - 27.6) | 18.5 | 17.4 | (14.6 - 20.1) | 9.4 | P < 0.05 |
Total duration of epidural procedure (seconds) | 252.0 | (196.3 - 308.6) | 193.4 | 178.5 | (116.2 - 240.8) | 212.2 | P < 0.05 |
Number of additional epidural attempts (count) | 2 | (1-4) | 1.5 | 0 | (0-1) | 1.1 | P < 0.001 |