Control group

Ropivacaine group

Combination group

Duration of surgery (min)

67 ± 11.3

67.8 ± 12.4

68.3 ± 12.5

Scale of motion (˚)

Day 1

106 ± 14.9

85 ± 14.6*

71.5 ± 14.2*^†

Day 2

92 ± 14.8

74.9 ± 14.7*

66.6 ± 12.8*^†

Day 3

78.5 ± 12.2

63.8 ± 11.9*

53.5 ± 12.5*^†

Amount of drainage (ml)

Day 1

93 ± 25.6

94 ± 33.5

95 ± 29.1

Day 2

25.8 ± 11.6

29.7 ± 8.1

28.4 ± 10.8

Hospital stay (days)

6.5 ± 1.3

6 ± 1.6

6.7 ± 0.8