| Control (n = 96) | GDT (n = 99) | P value |
Age (years) | 69.0 ± 8.2 | 68.9 ± 8.1 | NS |
Gender (M/F) | 23/73 | 29/70 | NS |
Height (cm) | 162.3 ± 8.7 | 161.5 ± 8.9 | NS |
Weight (kg) | 56.5 ± 10.1 | 57.1 ± 13.1 | NS |
ASA-PS (1/2/3/4) | 17/66/11/1 | 7/84/8/0 | NS |
Anesthesia time (min) | 437 ± 153 | 421 ± 177 | NS |
Operative time (min) | 371 ± 152 | 356 ± 178 | NS |
Esophagectomy | 44 | 42 | ― |
Pancreatoduodenectomy | 32 | 37 | ― |
TAA/AAA stent-grafting | 20 | 20 | ― |