EMD (ms)

Smoking

t-test

p-value

Yes (n = 9)

No (n = 46)

Fasting Left intra-atrial EMD

28.55 ± 2.87

13.80 ± 3.73

11.18

<0.001**

Post prandial Left intra-atrial EMD

30.88 ± 3.10

13.95 ± 3.89

12.27

<0.001**