Variables | Peak Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure | Independent Effects (P value) | |||||
Normal (<190 mmHg) | Exaggerated (≥190 mmHg) | Normal (<190 mmHg) | Exaggerated (≥190 mmHg) | ||||
N | Baseline | Year 5 | Time | Peak SBP | Interaction | ||
81 | 14 | 61 | 22 | ||||
Body mass index | 23.2 ± 2.3 | 23.6 ± 1.7 | 23.4 ± 2.8 | 23.4 ± 2.7 | NS | NS | NS |
% Body fat | 31.4 ± 6.7 | 29.6 ± 5.5 | 33.7 ± 7.6 | 31.8 ± 7.8 | <0.001 | NS | NS |
Fat mass (kg) | 19.2 ± 5.5 | 17.9 ± 4.1 | 21.1 ± 6.4 | 19.1 ± 6.5 | <0.01 | NS | NS |
Lean body mass (kg) | 38.9 ± 4.1 | 38.1 ± 5.1 | 38.1 ± 4.1 | 37.6 ± 3.2 | NS | NS | NS |
Trunk fat mass (kg) | 9.3 ± 3.2 | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 9.7 ± 4.0 | 8.4 ± 3.4 | NS | NS | NS |
Waist circumference (cm) | 77.8 ± 7.0 | 78.6 ± 5.2 | 78.6 ± 6.9 | 72.2 ± 6.7 | NS | NS | NS |
N | 82 | 14 | 62 | 22 |
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VO2 peak (ml O2∙kg−1∙min−1) | 33.4 ± 6.0a | 35.3 ± 6.1 | 31.8 ± 5.8b | 35.1 ± 7.7c | < 0.05 | NS | NS |
Resting BP (mmHg) |
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Systolic | 114.7 ± 10.9 | 124.6 ± 14.1 | 116.6 ± 10.6 | 127.1 ± 10.9 | NS | <0.001 | NS |
Diastolic | 72.6 ± 7.5 | 77.1 ± 7.6 | 72.9 ± 7.1 | 77.6 ± 5.7 | NS | <0.01 | NS |
N | 81 | 14 | 56 | 22 |
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Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.88 ± 0.34 | 0.76 ± 0.22 | 0.92 ± 0.50 | 0.84 ± 0.35 | NS | NS | NS |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.46 ± 0.70 | 4.40 ± 0.63 | 5.01 ± 0.79 | 4.77 ± 0.82 | <0.001 | NS | NS |
HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.57 ± 0.36 | 1.59 ± 0.34 | 1.77 ± 0.39 | 1.77 ± 0.35 | <0.001 | NS | NS |
LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.49 ± 0.60 | 2.46 ± 0.68 | 2.82 ± 0.60 | 2.62 ± 0.77 | <0.01 | NS | NS |
TC/HDL-C | 2.96 ± 0.73d | 2.87 ± 0.71 | 2.91 ± 0.69e | 2.80 ± 0.69 | NS | NS | NS |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.78 ± 0.37 | 5.02 ± 0.34** | 4.56 ± 0.41 | 4.63 ± 0.32 | <0.001 | <0.05 | NS |
Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 11.97 ± 5.52d | 9.84 ± 2.31 | 11.19 ± 4.20f | 10.20 ± 2.17g | NS | NS | NS |
HOMA-IR | 2.56 ± 1.30h | 2.21 ± 0.57 | 2.35 ± 0.96e | 2.13 ± 0.53g | NS | NS | NS |