Defect Type N (%)b

Conceptiona

Father’s

Dioxin

None

Non-majorc

Major

Multiple

before

measured

2929 (89.0)

237 (7.2)

124 (3.8)

56 (1.7)

missing

807 (90.7)

62 (7.0)

21 (2.4)

4 (0.1)

after

measured

1720 (78.6)

336 (15.4)

132 (6.0)

79 (3.6)

missing

481 (86.8)

51 (9.2)

22 (4.0)

16 (2.9)

either

measured

4649 (84.9)

573 (10.5)

256 (4.7)

135 (2.5)

missing

1288 (89.2)

113 (7.9)

43 (3.0)

20 (1.4)