38. Saleem et al. 2011 [81]

Pakistan

To evaluate the association between patient’s knowledge of hypertension management and

medication adherence

N = 385

Eligible hypertensive patients from two tertiary care hospitals

31.2

Cross-sectional observational

64.7

Study shows an inverse association between knowledge scores of hypertension and adherence level. Correlation coefficient between total score of knowledge of hypertension and total adherence was −0.170 (p < 0.001)

39. Hashmi et al. 2007 [57]

Pakistan

To measure adherence to antihypertensive therapy and to investigate the factors associated with adherence in the studied population

N = 460

Randomly selected participants from eligible hypertensive patients of two tertiary care hospitals

54.6

Cross-sectional

23/23.8

Factors significantly improved adherence (univariate analyses) were increasing age, better awareness, increasing number of pills prescribed (by multivariate analyses): number of drugs that a patient was taking (p = 0.02) and

whether he/she was taking medication regularly or only for symptomatic relief (p = 0.00001)

40. Al-Ramahi et al. 2015 [38]

Palestine

To assess adherence to antihypertensive

therapy and to investigate the effect of a range of demographic and psychosocial variables on medication adherence.

N = 450

Simple random sample from patients visiting outpatient

clinics of governmental primary healthcare centers in addition to a group of private clinics and pharmacies

56.2

Cross-sectional

54.2/54.2

Factors significantly associated with MNA: younger age (<45 years) (AOR = 1), living in a village (AOR = 1), forgetfulness (AOR = 5.12; 95% CI: 3.12 - 8.41), dissatisfaction with treatment (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.22 - 7.02), side effects (AOR = 4.58; 95% CI: 1.87 - 11.25), fear of getting used to medication (AOR = 8.00; 95% CI: 2.44 - 26.19) and evaluating health status as very good, good or poor (AOR = 1). Other factors (by univariate analysis): having lower income (p = 0.035); receiving a higher number of antihypertensive tablets (p = 0.001); a higher dosing frequency (p ≤ 0.0001) and having no other chronic disease (p = 0.009).