34. Osamor et al. 2011 [25]

Nigeria

To investigate the factors associate with self-reported compliance among hypertensive subjects in a poor urban community

N = 440 and

8 focus groups. Consecutive sampling method was used to recruit participants from a list of hypertensive patients of a poor urban community. A purposive sampling technique was used for FGD from hypertensive patients.

65.2

Survey and qualitative interviews

41.5

Factors associated with adherence: regular clinic attendance (p < 0.0001); not using non-western prescription medication (p < 0.00l); support from family members (p = 0.038); friends who were concerned about the respondent’s hypertension (p < 0.0001) and helpful in reminding the respondent about taking medication (p < 0.0001). Beliefs about cause of hypertension were not associated with compliance (p = −0.090). Reasons given for MNA in focus group discussion: feeling better, forget to take medication and cost.

35. Atulomah et al. 2010 [80]

Nigeria

To collect information about perceived severity and threat to life from poor treatment response and medication adherence in hypertensive people

N = 130

Systematic random technique was used to select hypertensive patients from a teaching hospital

45.6

Cross-sectional

30.7

Bivariate analysis revealed thatperception of severity of hypertension complications from poor treatment and threat to life positively correlated with medication adherence (r= 0.46; p < 0.0001).

36. Bilal et al.

2015 [44]

Pakistan

To determine the

frequency and factors associated with non-compliance to anti-hypertensive medications

N = 113

Purposive sampling was conducted among all the eligible hypertensive patients of inpatients department of a specialized Hospital

64

Cross-sectional

68.14/58.33

MNA was found to be associated with: male gender p = 0.008; less monthly income p = 0.046; unemployed persons (p = 0.002); duration of hypertension < 5 years (p = 0.03); mono therapy and di-therapy (p = 0.02) and who paid themselves for their drugs (p = 0.06)

37. Saleem et al. 2012 [39]

Pakistan

To explore the perceptions and experiences of hypertensive patients toward medication use

and adherence.

N = 16

Purposive sampling among hypertensive patients of a government hospital

25

Qualitative

-

The majority of the patients carried specific unrealistic beliefs regarding the long-term use of medication; yet these beliefs were heavily accepted and practiced by the society. Physician’s attitude, patient’s past experiences, and knowledge related to hypertension were noted as major contributing factors thus resulting in non-adherence to prescribed therapy.