23. Praveen et al. 2010 [30]

India

To determine factors that are associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive

treatment

N = 804

All eligible hypertensive patient from the outpatients of General Medicine department of a tertiary care hospital

70%

Cross-sectional

29/34.5

Factors independently associated with MNA (p < 0.05): female sex (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.39 - 6.24), not understand drug regimen well (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.01 - 16.32), affordability to only some/none of prescribed drugs (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.8 - 7.59) and longer time since last visit to a health care facility (OR = 7.26; 95% CI: 2.65 - 19.86)

24. Kusuma, Y. S. 2010 [58]

India

To gain insights into the perceptions of socio-economically disadvantaged migrants in Delhi regarding treatment seeking behaviour for hypertension

N = 14 key informants and 3 focus groups.

Purposive sampling from a community

-

Qualitative

-

Treatment seeking for hypertension was not adequate. Several patient- and provider-related issues have emerged as barriers in treatment seeking and adherence.

25. Kamran et al. 2014 [50]

Iran

To determine the factors of adherence to hypertension medication based on HBM

N = 671

Two stage random sampling methods to select eligible hypertensive patients from rural health care centres

74.81

Cross-sectional

76/75.3

MNA was significantly associated with: unrestricted meal habits (OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 37.5), smoking (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.9) and salt intake > 5 g (OR = 19.7; 95% CI: 12.2 - 31.7). Respondents with regular physical activity and non-smokers were more adherent to medication when compared to respondents with sedentary lifestyle and smoking (p < 0.01).