Variables being investigated | Study | Measurement of medication adherence | Setting and sample size |
Age | Boima et al. [26] | MMAS 8 | Ghana and Nigeria; N = 357 |
Nagarkar et al. [27] | MMAS 8 | India; N = 174 | |
Bilal et al. [60] | Questionnaire | Pakistan; N = 113 | |
Lalic et al. [28] | MMAS 8 | Serbia; N = 170 | |
Sex | Khanam et al. [29] | Questionnaire | Bangladesh; N = 29,960 |
Praveen et al. [30] | Questionnaire | India; N = 804 | |
Ismael et al. [31] | Questionnaire | Iraq; N = 200 | |
Bilal et al. [60] | Questionnaire | Pakistan; N = 113 | |
Joho et al. [32] | Questionnaire | Tanzania; N = 135 | |
Level of education | Khanam et al. [29] | Questionnaire | Bangladesh; N = 29,960 |
Bhandari et al. [33] | MMAS 4 | Nepal; N = 154 | |
Boima et al. [26] | MMAS 8 | Ghana and Nigeria; N = 357 | |
Household income and employment | Hussain et al. [34] | Questionnaire | Bangladesh; N = 120 |
Gelaw et al. [35] | Questionnaire | Ethiopia; N = 91 | |
Bilal et al. [40] | Questionnaire | Pakistan; N = 113 | |
Type of family | Nagarkar et al. [27] | MMAS 8 | India; N = 174 |
Comorbidities | Hareri et al. [36] . | Questionnaire | Ethiopia; N = 365 |
Khanam et al. [29] | Questionnaire | Bangladesh; N = 29,960 | |
Ambaw et al. [37] | MMAS 4 | Ethiopia; N = 384 | |
Al-Ramahi et al. [38] . | MMAS 8 | Palestine ; N = 450 | |
Use of herbal preparation | Boima et al. [26] . | MMAS 8 | Ghana and Nigeria; N = 357 |
Saleem et al. [39] | Qualitative | Pakistan | |
Odusola et al. [40] | Qualitative | Nigeria |