Variables being investigated

Study

Measurement of medication adherence

Setting and sample size

Age

Boima et al. [26]

MMAS 8

Ghana and Nigeria; N = 357

Nagarkar et al. [27]

MMAS 8

India; N = 174

Bilal et al. [60]

Questionnaire

Pakistan; N = 113

Lalic et al. [28]

MMAS 8

Serbia; N = 170

Sex

Khanam et al. [29]

Questionnaire

Bangladesh; N = 29,960

Praveen et al. [30]

Questionnaire

India; N = 804

Ismael et al. [31]

Questionnaire

Iraq; N = 200

Bilal et al. [60]

Questionnaire

Pakistan; N = 113

Joho et al. [32]

Questionnaire

Tanzania; N = 135

Level of education

Khanam et al. [29]

Questionnaire

Bangladesh; N = 29,960

Bhandari et al. [33]

MMAS 4

Nepal; N = 154

Boima et al. [26]

MMAS 8

Ghana and Nigeria; N = 357

Household income and employment

Hussain et al. [34]

Questionnaire

Bangladesh; N = 120

Gelaw et al. [35]

Questionnaire

Ethiopia; N = 91

Bilal et al. [40]

Questionnaire

Pakistan; N = 113

Type of family

Nagarkar et al. [27]

MMAS 8

India; N = 174

Comorbidities

Hareri et al. [36] .

Questionnaire

Ethiopia; N = 365

Khanam et al. [29]

Questionnaire

Bangladesh; N = 29,960

Ambaw et al. [37]

MMAS 4

Ethiopia; N = 384

Al-Ramahi et al. [38] .

MMAS 8

Palestine ; N = 450

Use of herbal preparation

Boima et al. [26] .

MMAS 8

Ghana and Nigeria; N = 357

Saleem et al. [39]

Qualitative

Pakistan

Odusola et al. [40]

Qualitative

Nigeria