Mining waste

Recovered as

W/C

Rate of replacement (%)

Slump in mm

Compressive stress (28 jrs) (Mpa)

flexural strength (Mpa)

splitting tensile strength (Mpa)

Density of hardened concrete (kg/m³)

Porosity (%)

Flint from phosphate mine waste rocks [17]

aggregates in cement concrete

0.5

0

70

34.4

4.5

2.5

2370

100%

50

29

4.9

2.6

2360

Phosphate mine waste rocks [8]

aggregates in cement concrete

0.5

0

70

29.6

2.5

4.5

Gold-mine tailings [13]

0.66

100

70

13.5

1.3

2.65

Sand in mortar

0.5

0

~32.5

~38

10

~35

~32

20

~37.5

~29.5

30

~42

~25.5

40

~41.5

-

Gold-mine tailings [13]

cement in mortar

0.5

0

~32.5

~38

10

~29.5

~35.5

20

~31.5

~34

30

~33

~33.5

40

~32

-

Tailling plomb [15]

Sand in cement concrete

0

13.2

1.35

100

8.58 - 10.9

26.4 - 29.3

Copper tailing [5]

Sand in cement concrete

0.4 - 0.5

0

~31 - 36

~4 - 4.5

2230.93

10

~32 - 40

~4.6 - 4.8

2243.53

20

~35 - 40

~4.2 - 4.7

2243.53

30

~36 - 40

~4.1 - 4.5

2268.73

40

~35 - 38

~4.2 - 4.5

2281.34

50

~32 - 37

~4 - 4.5

2281.34

60

~32 - 36

~4 - 4.4

2306.54

Waste rock gold mine [14]

aggregates in concrete

0.4

100%

80

36

d ≥ 0.08 mm

100%

80

33

Gravels

100%

75

40

Waste rock gold mining [9]

aggregates in cement concrete

0.4

0

85

37.8

100%

110

34.9