Best

Parameters

WOA [36]

SSA [37]

MVO [31]

GWO [26]

MFO [28]

EVPS

I_r (A)

0.7646

0.7637

0.7606

0.7635

0.7627

0.7607

I_o1 (µA)

1.7641

0.9880

3.6662

0.3639

0.0009

0.2975

I_o2 (µA)

2.0948

0.8796

0.1880

0.0012

3.2555

0.2504

n₁

1.6839

2.2119

2.1225

1.4942

1.1596

1.4749

n₂

2.1583

1.5932

1.4417

2.1433

1.7848

1.9726

R_s (Ω)

0.0277

0.0307

0.0354

0.0348

0.0293

0.0363

R_p (Ω)

64.2652

42.7318

94.5515

30.7060

100.0000

55.8827

RMSE × 10⁻³

53.6880

35.4087

14.8497

26.2566

45.8807

9.8510

Worst

I_r (A)

0.7457

0.7765

0.7756

0.7669

0.7589

0.7606

I_o1 (µA)

2.5483

3.2039

4.5604

0.9919

10.0000

1.262e-03

I_o2 (µA)

3.2766

5.8725

0.9121

9.9708

10.0000

0.5005

n₁

1.7422

2.0224

1.8147

2.0889

2.1160

1.2067

n₂

2.2150

1.8891

2.4204

1.9505

2.0254

1.5392

R_s (Ω)

0.0014

0.0135

0.0181

0.0015

0.0010

0.0358

R_p (Ω)

87.5855

13.7374

13.8209

15.8790

100.0000

63.4186

RMSE × 10⁻³

322.0510

150.5212

135.4657

200.7120

166.5394

11.19

Average

RMSE × 10⁻³

164.3665

82.9360

93.3376

107.7185

86.5089

10.083