Best | Parameters | WOA [36] | SSA [37] | MVO [31] | GWO [26] | MFO [28] | EVPS |
Ir (A) | 1.0320 | 1.0452 | 1.0329 | 1.0324 | 1.0325 | 1.0318 | |
Io (µA) | 7.5936 | 4.7508 | 1.7849 | 4.6572 | 2.7228 | 3.2695 | |
n | 1.4414 | 1.3868 | 1.2833 | 1.3832 | 1.3254 | 1.3446 | |
Rs (Ω) | 1.0444 | 1.0950 | 1.2775 | 1.1354 | 1.2255 | 1.2064 | |
Rp (Ω) | 738.6218 | 406.5791 | 658.9906 | 820.9687 | 742.2522 | 843.7385 | |
RMSE × 10−3 | 6.3860 | 7.6817 | 3.1162 | 3.9851 | 2.4842 | 2.4267 | |
| Ir (A) | 1.3568 | 0.9884 | 1.0489 | 1.0960 | 1.0856 | 1.0329 |
Io (µA) | 9.6098 | 8.6491 | 8.635 | 1.7016 | 6.0648 | 6.5761 | |
n | 1.5413 | 1.4705 | 1.4586 | 1.3057 | 1.4235 | 1.4231 | |
Rs (Ω) | 0.2965 | 0.1955 | 1.0475 | 0.2845 | 0.8900 | 1.1183 | |
Rp (Ω) | 23.0796 | 549.0804 | 337.8831 | 61.4542 | 118.6442 | 999.5245 | |
RMSE × 10−3 | 141.6485 | 71.9332 | 9.0679 | 67.7101 | 24.9788 | 3.4707 | |
| RMSE × 10−3 | 44.1232 | 28.2501 | 5.4726 | 19.0572 | 3.9637 | 2.7877 |