Heat treatment

Thickness (nm)

E_d (eV)

E₀ (eV)

ε_∞

ITO

FTO

ITO

FTO

ITO

FTO

Before annealing

300

36.80

6.72

7.74

2.23

5.75

4.01

500

25.78

6.25

4.76

2.75

6.41

3.27

600

18.44

9.21

3.87

2.58

5.76

4.57

Annealing at 300˚C

300

15.92

4.29

3.69

2.53

5.31

2.69

500

16.79

6.21

3.31

2.93

6.07

3.12

600

19.04

5.47

3.75

2.61

6.07

3.09

Annealing at 400˚C

300

26.82

4.44

3.72

2.58

8.21

2.72

500

19.68

5.63

4.22

2.65

5.66

3.12

600

7.55

9.07

3.15

2.44

3.39

4.71