Code

Effects on the construction industry

Mean

Std. Dev.

P-value (Sig.)

Factor loadings

Cronbach alpha

Construct 1: Direct costs

0.848

F1

Poor work performance

3.90

0.774

0.000

0.553

0.828

F3

Low productivity

3.94

0.745

0.000

0.685

0.805

F4

High turnover

3.85

0.781

0.000

0.714

0.829

F7

Absenteeism/ Sick leave

4.14*

0.704

0.000

0.681

0.837

F9

Work stoppage

3.68

0.762

0.000

0.538

0.845

F11

Medical costs

4.00*

0.761

0.000

0.734

0.790