Code | Effects on the construction employees | Mean | Std. Dev. | P-value (Sig.) | Factor loadings | Cronbach alpha |
| Construct 1: Behavioural effects | 0.827 | ||||
E3 | Lose valuable things like job, relationships and status | 3.78 | 0.770 | 0.000 | 0.822 | 0.794 |
E4 | Loss memory/ forgetfulness | 4.08* | 0.741 | 0.000 | 0.740 | 0.787 |
E5 | Accident-prone | 4.18* | 0.672 | 0.000 | 0.595 | 0.819 |
E7 | Insomnia or sleep disturbances | 4.11* | 0.727 | 0.000 | 0.753 | 0.786 |
E11 | Family problems | 3.84 | 0.769 | 0.000 | 0.717 | 0.794 |
E12 | Sexual dysfunction | 3.64 | 0.744 | 0.000 | 0.731 | 0.859 |
E15 | Loss of motivation, energy or interest | 3.75 | 0.764 | 0.000 | 0.815 | 0.795 |
E17 | Dietary extremes | 4.06* | 0.738 | 0.000 | 0.709 | 0.813 |
| Construct 2: Physiological effects | 0.822 | ||||
E1 | Chronic pain | 4.14* | 0.715 | 0.000 | 0.720 | 0.784 |
E2 | Coronary heart disease | 3.60 | 0.732 | 0.000 | 0.754 | 0.808 |
E6 | High blood pressure | 3.73 | 0.758 | 0.000 | 0.734 | 0.795 |
E8 | Stroke or Cancer | 3.67 | 0.741 | 0.000 | 0.676 | 0.798 |
E9 | Headache | 3.95 | 0.774 | 0.000 | 0.634 | 0.813 |
E10 | Musculoskeletal injuries | 4.09* | 0.722 | 0.000 | 0.703 | 0.807 |
E13 | Diabetes mellitus | 3.47 | 0.691 | 0.000 | 0.617 | 0.809 |
E14 | Feeling faint or dizzy | 3.80 | 0.773 | 0.000 | 0.602 | 0.817 |
E16 | Tightness in the chest | 3.96 | 0.775 | 0.000 | 0.630 | 0.797 |