| Authors | Knowledge Conversion Phases |
| Eerola and Jorgensen [10] ―SECI Model in regional application | Socialization: Working groups, panels, project groups, boards, networks, public forums Externalization: Expert interviews, brainstorming, workshops, mind mapping, Internet-based Delphi and other questionnaires Combination: Foresight reports, technology lists, patent and publication analyses, scenarios and decision trees, SWOT analysis, technology maps, risk analysis Internalization: pilot projects, R & D work, strategy work, weightings, priorities, allocation of resources |
| Haag and Duan [11] ―SECI Model in personal knowledge development | Socialization: Observation, imitation and learning by doing, sharing experiences Externalization: Participation in social media such as discussion forum, blogs, Instant Messaging and Online chat Combination: Searching for materials on the web, watching videos or audio from the internet, share the right sources to other potential recipients, collaboratively develop new materials Internalization: perform self-assessment (quiz, test etc.) |
| Tee, M.Y. and Karney, D. [12] ―SECI Model in Collaborative Learning | Socialization: Bulletin board discussion and simulation game activities; sharing background information, open-threaded discussion―less formal than Externalization as this emphasize more on building rapport and connection; create sense of social presence Externalization: Threaded discussion; exploration and evaluation of ideas and relate them through discussion and actions; some members take leadership role in discussion; Combination: Generate new knowledge by combining ideas from different sources (discussion threads) shared by group members; forming new strategic plan based on the multiple inputs; Internalization: tacit knowledge is fully grasped after one or more cycles of knowledge conversion; personal acknowledgement of mastering a topic. |
| Lis [13] ―SECI Model in army forces | Socialization: Counselling, coaching and mentoring to the less experienced military personnel Externalization: Lesson learned―identifying lesson learned, determine actions and implementing the changes, After Action Review―a verbal professional discussion that occur immediately after training, combat operation and other missions ( [15] , pp 67) Combination: knowledge that are acquired by military members are combined into doctrines and other publications in which these are circulated to all members ( [15] , pp 70) Internalization: individual training, collective training, exercises, drills and practice and technology-based computer support training such as e-learning, advanced distributed learning (ADL), computer-based training (CBT), mobile learning etc. |