| Study | Participants(n) | Language(s) | Age | Linguistic development target | Task type(s) | Results | ||
| Monolingual | Bilingual | Monolingual | Bilingual | |||||
| | 39 | 39 | English | African language-English | 18 - 22 | -
| Verbal Visuo-spatial | Bilingual advantage |
| | 30 | 30 | English | Mixed L1s-English | 21 - 22 (M) | - | Verbal Visuo-spatial | Mixed (at least no bilingual disadvantage |
| | 23 | 21 | English | English-French | 18 - 30 | - | Visuo-spatial | Bilingual advantage |
| | 25 | 25 | English | Bengali-English | 30 - 32 | Verbal performance | Verbal | No bilingual advantage |
| | 87 | 87 | English | Mixed L1s-English | 5 - 7 | Referential expressions | Verbal | Mixed (at least no bilingual disadvantage |
| | 23 | 23 | English | Hindi-English | 23 | Novel-word learning | Verbal Visuo-spatial | Bilingual advantage |
| | 25 | 26 | English | Korean-English | 18 - 32 | - | Verbal Visuo-spatial | Mixed (at least no bilingual disadvantage |