Rivers | Surface (Km2) | Length (Km) | Nature of Activity in the Basin | Elements released in water based on bibliography | Elements released in sediments based on bibliography |
Ibrahim | 330 | 30 | Agricultural Land | nitrogenous fertilizers and chlorinated pesticides [21] , Downstream contamination with nitrates [22] | Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb [22]
Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn [25]
Fe [27]
|
Industrial facilities [23] | Caries high concentrations of Cd and Hg to the sea [24] | ||||
Heritage Sites [26] | |||||
Residential Areas | solid effluents [26] , domestic wastewater [21] | ||||
Vehicle Exhaust Fume | High Pb deposition due to leaded petrol usage [27] | ||||
Kaleb | 257 | 31 | Urban Activities | Domestic and waste water discharge | nitrates [21] |
Touristic sites | Solid wastes | ||||
Agricultural activities | nitrogenous fertilizers and chlorinated pesticides [21] Downstream contamination with nitrates [22] | ||||
Animal farms and quarries | organic waste water discharge [28] | ||||
Beirut | 217 | 25 | Urbanization and high population [29] | domestic and wastewater discharges | Rich in Cd, Pb and Hg [32] |
Industrial activities | chemical effluent, solid waste from construction material and fabrication [30] | ||||
Agricultural activities [31] | Nitrates and phosphates | ||||
Slaughterhouse wastes | organic waste | ||||
wastewater from sewer network [33] | Sewage | ||||
Hospital debris | organic wastes |