5.0-year

5.5-year

6.0-year

6.5-year

Two-way ANOVA (group × age)

Group

Age

Interaction

Boys

H line distance

Barefoot group

Mean

0.52

0.68

0.97

0.95

F

5.34

2.92

1.06

(cm)

S.D.

0.80

0.66

0.60

0.49

p

0.02*

0.03*

0.37

Non barefoot group

Mean

0.49

0.59

0.59

0.69

S.D.

0.78

0.90

0.79

0.80

Hallux valgus angle

Barefoot group

Mean

4.30

4.03

2.78

2.83

F

9.82

1.40

0.23

(˚)

S.D.

4.52

5.05

5.70

4.76

p

0.00*

0.24

0.88

Non barefoot group

Mean

5.26

5.98

4.93

4.65

S.D.

5.02

4.83

4.78

4.57

Foot angle

Barefoot group

Mean

17.24

18.27

18.38

17.90

F

5.39

0.90

1.17

(˚)

S.D.

2.56

2.56

2.39

2.40

p

0.02*

0.44

0.32

Non barefoot group

Mean

17.44

17.53

17.18

17.08

S.D.

2.20

2.18

3.10

2.16

Girls

H line distance

Barefoot group

Mean

0.96

0.88

1.15

1.41

F

4.97

6.10

1.76

(cm)

S.D.

0.58

0.73

0.45

0.51

p

0.03*

0.00*

0.15

Non barefoot group

Mean

0.76

1.01

0.88

1.14

S.D.

0.75

0.51

0.43

0.61

Hallux valgus angle

Barefoot group

Mean

0.38

−0.39

1.34

2.44

F

12.60

1.25

0.84

(˚)

S.D.

5.04

6.25

5.58

5.15

p

0.00*

0.29

0.47

Non barefoot group

Mean

2.60

3.27

3.97

3.05

S.D.

4.84

6.01

5.45

5.62

Foot angle

Barefoot group

Mean

16.80

17.85

17.19

16.47

F

0.25

2.21

2.16

(˚)

S.D.

2.52

2.23

2.55

1.85

p

0.62

0.09

0.09

Non barefoot group

Mean

17.24

17.31

16.16

17.06

S.D.

2.37

2.29

2.21

1.83