Data | Location | Warning message | Type of tampered message | Short consequence |
Cyber attack | ||||
May-Jun. 2014 | Asheville, NC Winston-Salem, NC Mount Airy, NC State of New Jersey State of lowa State of Wyoming | Traffic Information | Amusing/Fame | Driver distracted and confused |
Physical attack | ||||
Oct. 2015 | Sacramento, CA | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing/Offensive | Driver distracted |
Sept. 2015 | Mililani, HI | Work Zone Ahead | Offensive | Driver confusion |
July 2015 | Tucson, AZ | Road Closure | Amusing | Driver double-take |
Jan. 2015 | Los Angeles, CA | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing/Offensive | Driver distracted |
Feb. 2014 | Granite Bay, CA | Work Zone Ahead | Offensive | Driver distracted |
Nov. 2012 | Loomis, CA | Road Closure | Amusing | Driver distracted |
Oct. 2012 | Portland, ME | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver worried and distracted |
Aug. 2011 | Flagstaff, AZ | Traffic Information— No left turn at the intersection | Amusing | Driver confusion |
May 2011 | Falls Church, VA | Warning message for bicyclists and hikers | Amusing | Driver distracted |
May 2010 | Miami, FL | Work Zone Ahead | Offensive | Driver distracted |
Dec. 2009 | Gainesville, FL | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver distracted |
Mar. 2009 | New York, NY | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver distracted |
Feb. 2009 | Hamilton County, IN | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver confusion |
Feb. 2009 | Collinsville, IL | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver distracted |
Feb. 2009 | Austin | Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Destabilized traffic norm |
Jan. 2009 |
| Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver distracted and confused |
Apr. 2007 |
| Work Zone Ahead | Amusing | Driver distracted |