| RAS (n = 20) | Control (n = 20) | |
| Age (years) | 59 ± 6 | 59 ± 11 |
| Sex (male) | 10 (50%) | 13 (65%) |
| Height (cm) | 161.94 ± 9.41 | 161.29 ± 7.78 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.46 ± 25.61 | 69.41 ± 13.90 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.09 ± 6.98 | 26.55 ± 4.20 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 5.8 ± 8.1 | 6.9 ± 8.5 |
| Vibration perception (s) | 7.42 ± 3.03 | 8.29 ± 3.05 |
| Subjective symptoms (n) | 3 (15%) | 3 (15%) |
| Absent or reduced ankle jerk (n) | 15 (75%) | 14 (70%) |
| Hypertension (n) | 10 (50%) | 11 (55%) |
| Hyperlipidemia (n) | 14 (70%) | 15 (75%) |
| Drinking history (n) | 12 (60%) | 10 (50%) |
| Smoking history (n) | 8 (40%) | 11 (55%) |
| Diabetic renal disease (>stage III) | 2 (10%) | 4 (20%) |
| Diabetic retinopathy (>PPDR) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Insulin treatment | 3 (15%) | 1 (5%) |
| HbA1c (%) | 11.52 ± 2.15 | 10.89 ± 2.02 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 317.65 ± 117.5 | 277.65 ± 124.74 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 129.00 ± 31.40 | 121.10 ± 42.97 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 36.9 ± 25.10 | 44.25 ± 35.11 |
| γ-GPT (IU/L) | 105.80 ± 250.22 | 55.50 ± 44.87 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 200.16 ± 190.32 | 177.95 ± 136.13 |
| Steps during intervention (steps/day) | 7506.01 ± 2090.92 | 6524.96 ± 1933.91 |