The average expected benefits of sharing behavior	$U_{j_{1}} = x (V_{j} + (1 - α) Δ V - (1 - β) C) + (1 - x) (V_{j} - (1 - β) C)$
Expected benefits of positive sharing behavior	$U_{j_{2}} = x (V_{j} + E_{j}) + (1 - x) V_{j}$
Expected benefits of negative sharing behavior	${\bar{U}}_{j} = y U_{j_{1}} + (1 - y) U_{j_{2}}$