The average expected benefits of sharing behavior	$U_{i_{1}} = y (V_{i} + α Δ V - β C) + (1 - y) (V_{i} - β C)$
Expected benefits of positive sharing behavior	$U_{i_{2}} = y (V_{i} + E_{i}) + (1 - y) V_{i}$
Expected benefits of negative sharing behavior	${\bar{U}}_{i} = x U_{i_{1}} + (1 - x) U_{i_{2}}$