User j

Positive Sharing (y)

Negative Sharing (1 − y)

User

i

Positive Sharing (x)

V i + α Δ V β C ; V j + ( 1 α ) Δ V ( 1 β ) C

V i β C ; V j + E j

Negative Sharing (1 − x)

V i + E i ; V j ( 1 β ) C

V i ; V j