Index | Name | Definition | Measurement | Literatures |
ATC | Average times of citing | Average times of citing of all patents |
| Verhoeven et al., 2016 Van Zeebroeck, 2011 |
SL | Scientific linkage | Average times of citing scientific literature of all patents |
| Zhang, P. & Lei, J.S., 2015 Chen, A., et al 2012 Wu & Mathews, 2012 Schoenmakers et al., 2010 |
TL | Technological linkage | Average times of citing patents of all patents |
| |
IE | Interaction effect | The product of scientific linkage and technological linkage |
| Mladenka et al., 2015 He & Wong, 2004 |
UIC | University-industry cooperation | The proportion of the patents via university-industry cooperation | Zhu, G.L., et al, 2015 Fan, X., et al, 2011 | |
RD | R & D intensity | The proportion of R & D investment expenses for the year | Kim et al., 2016 Hambrick et al., 1983 | |
GC | Geographical cluster | The area the enterprise located, 0 is for the inland and the 1 is for coastal | Dedrick & Kraemer, 2015 Giuliani, 2005 | |
AGE | Age of enterprise | Logarithm of the result of 2015 subtracts the year of enterprise establish | He & Wong, 2004 |