Calcination Temperature | As-Prepared | 600˚C | 700˚C | 800˚C | 900˚C |
Lattice Parameter (a) (Å) | 8.389 | 8.382 | 8.373 | 8.367 | 8.360 |
Volume of Unit Cell (Å3) | 590.38 | 588.90 | 587.01 | 585.75 | 584.28 |
Bragg’s Angle (2θ) (˚) | 35.58 | 35.76 | 35.65 | 35.49 | 35.62 |
FWHM (˚) | 0.47386 | 0.71047 | 0.64333 | 0.5778 | 0.46028 |
X-ray Density (ρx) (g/cm3) | 4037 | 4107 | 4120 | 4129 | 4140 |
Crystallite Size (D) (nm) | 17.61 | 11.75 | 12.98 | 14.44 | 18.13 |
Dislocation Density (δD) (nm−2) × 10−3 | 3.225 | 7.243 | 5.935 | 4.796 | 3.042 |
Microstrain (ε) × 10−4 | 6.634 | 10.000 | 9.0260 | 8.068 | 6.452 |
Absorbance peak (λmax) (nm) | 255.2 | 255.2 | 252.8 | 255.2 | - |
Energy Gap (E) (eV) | 4.327 | 4.266 | 4.100 | 4.308 | 5.389 |