Calcination Temperature

As-Prepared

600˚C

700˚C

800˚C

900˚C

Lattice Parameter (a) (Å)

8.389

8.382

8.373

8.367

8.360

Volume of Unit Cell (Å3)

590.38

588.90

587.01

585.75

584.28

Bragg’s Angle (2θ) (˚)

35.58

35.76

35.65

35.49

35.62

FWHM (˚)

0.47386

0.71047

0.64333

0.5778

0.46028

X-ray Density (ρx) (g/cm3)

4037

4107

4120

4129

4140

Crystallite Size (D) (nm)

17.61

11.75

12.98

14.44

18.13

Dislocation Density (δD) (nm−2) × 10−3

3.225

7.243

5.935

4.796

3.042

Microstrain (ε) × 10−4

6.634

10.000

9.0260

8.068

6.452

Absorbance peak (λmax) (nm)

255.2

255.2

252.8

255.2

-

Energy Gap (E) (eV)

4.327

4.266

4.100

4.308

5.389