| Study period | Regional coverage | NTM measure | Methodology | Findings | Reference |
| 1990-2001 | European Union | TBT | The gravity model | Harmonisation of food regulations has led to more intra-EU trade | |
| 1991-2016 | Developing, developed | All NTMs | The gravity model | Country-specific NTMs tend to favour imports of wine, SPS and export-related measures are the most trade-enhancing NTMs | |
| 1995-2005 | Developing, developed | Import-related NTMs | The gravity estimation based on the monopolistic competition trade model | Trade liberalization may promote food exports from developed countries however prohibit the ones from low-income countries | |
| 1996-2010 | Developing, developed | SPS | The gravity model | Conditional on market entry, trade flows are positively affected by SPS measures | |
| 2001-2014 | China and its trading partners | Import-related NTMs | The gravity model | Technical NTMs tend to have positive effects on trade flows | |
| 2002-2015 | China, Japan, and Korea | SPS, TBT | The gravity model | Chinese SPS measures encourage Korean agricultural exports | |
| 1996-2015 | Developing, developed | Import-related NTMs | The gravity model and the inventory approach | There exists a positive correlation between the economic development level of importing countries and industrial countries are more likely to use NTMs relative to developing countries | |