| Author | Number of patients Imaging modality | Nasopalatine canal length | Angulation of NPC to hard palate | Mesiodistal diameter of Incisive foramen | Mesiodistal diameter of nasopalatine foramen at the level of nasal floor |
| Thakur et al. [7] (INDIA) | 100 CBCT | M: 10.96 ± 1.99 | M: 115.54 ± 9.44 | M: 3.47 ± 0.89 | M: 1.74 ± 0.62 |
| F: 9.20 ± 2.16 | F:118.24 ± 6.10 | F: 3.76 ± 0.97 | F: 1.76 ± 0.90 | ||
| Gonul et al. [19] (TURKEY) | 100 MDCT | M: 13.68 ± 2.73* | M: 107.74 ± 13.56 | M: 6.68 ± 2.64 | M: 3.72 ± 1.41 |
| F: 11.43 ± 2.78* | F: 107.33 ± 11.96 | F: 5.83 ± 2.62 | F: 3.07 ± 1.34 | ||
| Fernández-Alonso A et al. [21] (SPAIN) | 224 CBCT | M: 13.16 ± 2.72* |
| M: 3.791.38 |
|
| F: 11.58 ± 2.64* | F: 3.421.06 | ||||
| Friedrich et al. [22] (GERMANY) | 200 CBCT | M: 12.02 ± 3.01* |
| M: 4.96 ± 1.90* | M: 3.57 ± 1.56 |
| F: 10.18 ± 2.37* | F: 3.96 ± 1.29* | F: 3.27 ± 1.49 | |||
| Mohammed et al. [23] (IRAQ) | 110 CBCT | M: 13.83 ± 3.1* |
| M: 4.65 ± 2.16* | M: 2.47 ± 0.52* |
| F: 12.44 ± 2.0* | F: 3.57 ± 1.21* | F: 2.73 ± 0.71* | |||
| Ito et al. [15] (JAPAN) | 122 MDCT |
|
| M: 3.3 ± 0.9 | M: 3.4 ± 1.1 |
| F: 2.8 ± 0.9 | F: 2.9 ± 1.1 | ||||
| Panjnoush et al. [18] (IRAN) | 300 CBCT | M: 14.4 ± 3.00 | M: 109.3 ± 5.6 | M: 4.92 ± 1.25* |
|
| F: 13.8 ± 3.0 | F: 109.7 ± 5.8 | F: 4.49 ± 0.9* | |||
| Matsumura et al. [16] (JAPAN) | 93 CBCT | M: 13.8 ± 2.2* | M: 105.5 ± 8.6* | M: 3.1 ± 1.4 |
|
| F: 12.2 ± 2.3* | F: 109.6 ± 7.9* | F: 3.3 ± 1.2 | |||
| Naseeh et al. [17] (LEBANON) | 63 CBCT | M: 12.80 ± 2.45 | M: 17.80 ± 8.87 | M: 5.25 ± 0.96 |
|
| F: 10.88 ± 2.53 | F: 16.74 ± 7.77 | F: 4.74 ± 1.18 | |||
| Present Study (INDIA) | 200 CBCT | M: 10.33 ± 2.19 | M: 112.34 ± 7.68 | M: 2.56 ± 1.03 | M: 1.54 ± 0.70 |
| F: 10.75 ± 7.71 | F: 112.71 ± 7.12 | F: 2.54 ± 1.11 | F: 1.50 ± 0.70 |