Range

Mean

SD

Effect size

ALL (n = 12)

Pre-op CD

0 - 17

6.0 [1.4, 6.0]

7.4 [4.2, 11.2]

0.9 [0.2, 1.6]

Pre-op MIO

0 - 8

3.8 [2.1, 5.5]

2.8 [1.5, 4.3]

0.9 [0.2, 1.6]

Intra-op MIO

30 - 44

34.9 [32.1, 37.7]

4.5 [2.4, 7.1]

8.2 [4.3, 12.5]

Post-op MIO^‡

20 - 40

29.7 [25.7, 33.8]

6.6 [3.5, 10.2]

4.9 [2.5, 7.4]

Unilateral (n = 8)

Pre-op CD

0 - 17

7.3 [1.5, 13.3]

7.7 [3.6, 13.3]

1.1 [0.1, 2.1]

Pre-op MIO

0 - 8

4.1 [1.5, 6.7]

3.3 [1.5, 5.8]

1.4 [0.3, 2.6]

Intra-op MIO

30 - 44

35.5 [31.2, 40.0]

5.7 [2.6, 9.9]

7.0 [2.8, 11.4]

Post-op MIO^‡

20 - 40

30.7 [23.9, 37.1]

8.5 [3.9, 14.8]

4.0 [1.6, 6.6]

Bilateral (n = 4)

Pre-op CD

0 - 15

3.4 [−15.7, 22.1]

14.9 [0.0, 39.6]

0.3 [−0.7, 1.4]

Pre-op MIO

0 - 5

3.0 [−2.3, 8.1]

4.3 [0.7, 11.0]

1.1 [−0.5, 2.8]

Intra-op MIO

30 - 37

33.8 [26.0, 41.5]

6.4 [1.0, 16.1]

8.6 [0.4, 17.7]

Post-op MIO^‡

23 - 30

27.9 [19.5, 36.1]

6.8 [0.5, 17.4]

6.9 [0.2, 14.7]

Female (n = 4)

Pre-op CD

0 - 17

9.6 [−11.2, 27.1]

16.8 [2.6, 39.4]

0.9 [−0.4, 2.3]

Pre-op MIO

0 - 7

3.5 [−4.0, 10.5]

5.7 [1.0, 14.9]

0.9 [−0.4, 2.4]

Intra-op MIO

34 - 44

37.6 [27.0, 48.0]

8.4 [1.0, 21.9]

6.8 [0.5, 14.2]

Post-op MIO^‡

30 - 40

33.0 [21.9, 46.2]

10.6 [1.1, 25.2]

6.0 [0.1, 13.0]

Male (n = 8)

Pre-op CD

0 - 13

3.4 [−2.4, 9.2]

6.7 [2.5, 13.1]

0.6 [−0.3, 1.4]

Pre-op MIO

0 - 8

3.7 [0.9, 6.5]

3.4 [1.4, 6.2]

1.3 [0.1, 2.4]

Intra-op MIO

30 - 40

33.7 [29.5, 37.9]

5.0 [2.0, 9.2]

7.7 [2.7, 13.0]

Post-op MIO^‡

20 - 40

27.3 [20.9, 34.0]

7.8 [2.8, 14.7]

4.1 [1.3, 7.2]