Variables

COR (95%CI)

p-value

AOR (95%CI)

p-value

Maternal age

<20

ref

0.003

ref

0.111

20 - 34

1.77 (1.25 - 2.51)

1.56 (1.02 - 2.39)

≥35

1.94 (1.19 - 3.18)

1.61 (0.89 - 2.90)

Maternal ethnicity

African

ref

0.028

-

-

Amerindian

0.60 (0.42 - 0.87)

East Indian

0.75 (0.52 - 1.09)

Mixed

0.95 (0.71 - 1.28)

Marital status

Living with husband/partner

ref

0.013

ref

0.044

Living without husband/partner

0.68 (0.50 - 0.92)

0.68 (0.67 - 0.99)

Family income

<1 minimum wage

ref

<0.001

ref

0.003

1 - 3 minimum wage

1.32 (0.96 - 1.82)

1.18 (0.82 - 1.70)

>3 minimum wage

2.10 (1.44 - 3.05)

1.95 (1.29 - 2.97)

Distance from health facility

<5 km

ref

0.006

ref

0.002

≥5 km

0.71 (0.55 - 0.91)

0.63 (0.47 - 0.85)

First-time pregnancy

Yes

0.71 (0.55 - 0.92)

0.011

-

-

No

ref

Number of antenatal care visits

<4 visits

0.80 (0.50 - 1.27)

0.340

-

-

≥4 visits

ref

Sector of antenatal care visits

Public

ref

0.000

ref

0.046

Private

1.39 (0.77 - 2.51)

1.29 (0.63 - 2.62)

Both

3.65 (1.82 - 7.30)

2.49 (1.19 - 5.22)

Gestational hypertension

Yes

3.11 (2.25 - 4.31)

<0.001

2.00 (1.35 - 2.96)

0.001

No

ref

ref

Gestational diabetes

Yes

4.02 (2.34 - 6.90)

<0.001

3.22 (1.65 - 6.30)

0.001

No

ref

ref

Use of iron/folic acid during pregnancy

Yes

1.51 (0.93 - 2.46)

0.098

-

-

No

ref

Admission to hospital for any sickness during pregnancy

Yes

2.41 (1.76 - 3.31)

<0.001

1.82 (1.24 - 2.67)

0.002

No

ref

ref

Gestational age

<37 weeks

1.71 (1.21 - 2.43)

0.003

1.51 (1.01 - 2.28)

0.046

≥37 weeks

ref

ref