Item Description

aged 65 years or below (Group A) (N = 45)

early-stage elderly individuals (Group B) (N = 52)

late-stage elderly individuals aged 75 years or over (Group C) (N = 53)

1) Diet management

22.0 ± 5.15

23.6 ± 4.34

25.0 ± 4.51

*

2) Exercise management

19.2 ± 4.55

20.7 ± 5.79

20.7 ± 6.07

3) Stress management

25.0 ± 4.49

26.6 ± 4.69

30.3 ± 3.38

**

4) Medication management

24.5 ± 3.11

25.0 ± 2.45

25.9 ± 2.36

5) Drinking management

11.1 ± 3.74

11.0 ± 3.70

12.3 ± 4.28

6) Smoking management

7.23 ± 3.16

6.99 ± 3.2

7.01 ± 3.11