Item Description

aged 65 years or below (Group A) (N = 45)

early-stage elderly individuals (Group B) (N = 52)

late-stage elderly individuals aged 75 years or over (Group C) (N = 53)

1) When I drink alcoholic beverages, I decide the amount to drink.

2.69 ± 1.12

2.88 ± 1.08

3.27 ± 1.11

2) I take a break from drinking alcohol a few days in a week.

3.25 ± 1.07

2.73 ± 1.30

2.88 ± 1.39

3) When I drink, I drink less than 180 ml Sake or a middle-sized bottle of beer [500 ml]. (Woman has about half this)

2.56 ± 1.34

2.64 ± 1.27

3.12 ± 1.17

4) I try to create an environment and use a device that will help me refrain from drinking excessively.

2.74 ± 1.06

2.84 ± 1.06

3.08 ± 1.29

Total score

11.1 ± 3.74

11.0 ± 3.70

12.3 ± 4.28