Item Description

aged 65 years or below (Group A) (N = 45)

early-stage elderly individuals (Group B) (N = 52)

late-stage elderly individuals aged 75 years or over (Group C) (N = 53)

1) I live a regular life.

2.87 ± 0.72

2.87 ± 0.90

3.54 ± 0.67

**

2) I take a rest if I am tired without overdoing it.

3.16 ± 0.67

3.31 ± 0.67

3.57 ± 0.82

3) I adjust my work/housework to avoid putting a heavy burden on my body.

2.98 ± 0.65

3.13 ± 0.88

3.62 ± 0.59

**

4) I have someone to talk to or talk about my troubles, but when I am stressed, I try not to.

2.91 ± 0.67

3.15 ± 0.93

3.35 ± 0.86

5) I take sufficient sleep and can wake up clearly refreshed.

2.96 ± 0.82

2.92 ± 0.86

3.29 ± 0.89

6) When I go out, and I feel cold, I have to wear another coat and remove if when it is warm.

3.29 ± 0.62

3.43 ± 0.72

3.68 ± 0.64

7) I take a bath with lukewarm water between 38˚C and 40˚C.

2.69 ± 1.04

2.76 ± 0.98

3.43 ± 0.91

**

8) I warm up the bathroom and dressing room before taking a shower on a cold day.

2.20 ± 1.01

2.48 ± 1.16

3.13 ± 1.11

**

9) I obtain information regarding what to watch out at the time of bathing.

2.22 ± 1.04

2.52 ± 1.07

2.85 ± 1.13

Total score

25.0 ± 4.49

26.6 ± 4.69

30.3 ± 3.38

**