medication | No | 2.13 ± 1.09 | (0.402) | 1.79 ± 1.01 | (0.415) | 2.46 ± 1.33 | (0.451) |
Health status | Yes | 2.48 ± 1.33 | 1.51 | 2.10 ± 1.26 | 1.27 | 2.85 ± 1.57 | 1.37 |
hearing loss | No | 2.14 ± 1.08 | (0.131) | 1.80 ± 1.02 | (0.209) | 2.47 ± 1.32 | (0.170) |
vision problem | Yes | 2.73 ± 1.59 | 1.51 | 2.50 ± 1.44 | 2.04 | 2.95 ± 1.91 | 0.98 |
No | 2.14 ± 1.06 | (0.146) | 1.78 ± 1.00 | (0.055) | 2.50 ± 1.30 | (0.336) | |
Physiological need states | |||||||
Quality of sleep | High | 2.17 ± 1.08 | 3.50 | 1.80 ± 0.94 | 2.69 | 2.53 ± 1.45 | 3.33 |
Middle | 2.05 ± 0.98 | (0.032) | 1.74 ± 0.94 | (0.071) | 2.35 ± 1.18 | (0.038) | |
Low | 2.63 ± 1.45 | 2.21 ± 1.41 | 3.04 ± 1.64 | ||||
Psychosocial environment | |||||||
Family visiting | Yes | 2.21 ± 1.16 | 0.07 | 1.84 ± 1.09 | −0.55 | 2.56 ± 1.40 | 0.58 |
(per month) | No | 2.18 ± 0.91 | (0.941) | 2.01 ± 0.80 | (0.583) | 2.34 ± 1.10 | (0.582) |
Total number of visits(per month) | 0 - 3 | 2.28 ± 1.17 | 1.26 | 1.94 ± 1.10 | 1.41 | 2.62 ± 1.41 | 0.98 |
≥4 | 2.05 ± 1.07 | (0.209) | 1.69 ± 0.99 | (0.159) | 2.40 ± 1.31 | (0.327) | |
Pre-illness family | Good | 2.22 ± 1.26 | 0.21 | 1.83 ± 1.13 | 0.23 | 2.61 ± 1.55 | 0.29 |
relationship | Fair | 1.96 ± 0.71 | (0.886) | 1.70 ± 0.54 | (0.869) | 2.20 ± 1.02 | (0.833) |
Bad | 2.21 ± 1.02 | 1.86 ± 0.99 | 2.55 ± 1.25 | ||||
Not Known | 2.27 ± 1.31 | 2.00 ± 1.30 | 2.53 ± 1.44 |