Study (author, year), country | Intervention vs. comparison group | Scale(s) | Follow up measurement(s) | Results | |
Primary outcome: preoperative anxiety | Secondary outcomes: anesthesia induction compliance and emergence delirium | ||||
Patel et al., (2006), USA | I: video distraction(hand held video game) and parental presence (n = 38) C2: premedication with midazolam and parental presence (n = 38) C: parental presence (n = 36) | mYPAS | Baseline upon the admission to ambulatory surgery unit P1: during anesthesia induction | The children in midazolam group and in the control group experienced a significant increase in their anxiety level from the baseline to anesthesia induction. But children in the video game did not demonstrate a significant increase in their level of anxiety from the baseline to anesthesia induction. | NM |
Lee et al., (2012), South Korea | I: video distraction (cartoon) (n = 42) C1: playing with toy (n = 40) C2: control; standard care (n = 44) | mYPAS and parents recorded VAS | Base line one night before surgery P1: In the holding area P2: just before anesthesia induction | No significant difference in the children level of anxiety at the baseline among the three group. At P1: Children who played with toy reviled significantly lower level of anxiety than children in the both groups. At P2: the children in the video distraction group had lower level of anxiety that the children in the remaining groups. the level of anxiety have significantly decreased between P1 and P2 for children in video distraction group while it have significantly increased for children in control and toy groups | NM |
Mifflin et al., (2012), USA | I: video distraction (film) (n = 42) C: control; usual distraction (47) | mYPAS | Base line at the holding area P: during induction | The children did not differ significantly at the baseline. But The children in the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower level of anxiety than children in the control group at the time of anesthesia induction. | NM |
Kerimoglu et al., (2013), USA | I:video distraction (watching film) (n = 32) C1: premedication with midazolam (n = 32) C2: combined video game and premedication with midazolam (n = 32) | mYPAS | Baseline before the intervention P1: at the time of transfer to OR P2: 20 minutes after transfer to OR P3: during anesthesia induction | There were no significant difference in the level of anxiety among the three groups at P1, P2 and P3. The difference in the anxiety level between the baseline and the induction time was not significantly different among the three groups. But compared with the other groups, children in the video distraction group demonstrated non-significant increment in the anxiety level from P1 to P3. | NM. |