Learning and lifestyle factors | Total | Reflective practice skill score | χ2 test P value | ||||||||
Persons | % | High RPS group Persons % | Low RPS group Persons % | ||||||||
Learning history | PHN training institution | 1-year vocational school course | 547 | 56.9 | 323 | 59.8 | 224 | 53.1 | |||
Specialized junior college course | 77 | 8.0 | 47 | 8.7 | 30 | 7.1 | 0.026 | * | |||
College | 302 | 31.4 | 148 | 27.4 | 154 | 36.5 | |||||
Vocational school integrated curriculum | 36 | 3.7 | 22 | 4.1 | 14 | 3.3 | |||||
Educational level | Vocational school | 457 | 47.5 | 269 | 49.8 | 188 | 44.5 | ||||
Specialized junior college | 153 | 15.9 | 92 | 17.0 | 61 | 14.5 | 0.038 | * | |||
College | 329 | 34.2 | 164 | 30.4 | 165 | 39.1 | |||||
Graduate school | 23 | 2.4 | 15 | 2.8 | 8 | 1.9 | |||||
Place of work | Prefectures | 237 | 24.6 | 157 | 29.1 | 80 | 19.0 | ||||
Government-ordinance-designated cities | 144 | 15.0 | 80 | 14.8 | 64 | 15.2 | 0.003 | * | |||
Cities | 421 | 43.8 | 221 | 40.9 | 200 | 47.4 | |||||
Towns and villages | 160 | 16.6 | 82 | 15.2 | 78 | 18.5 | |||||
Experience in presentation at academic meetings | Yes | 476 | 49.5 | 302 | 55.9 | 174 | 41.2 | 0.000 | * | ||
No | 486 | 50.5 | 238 | 44.1 | 248 | 58.8 | |||||
Average annual investment in self-development amounting to \30 k or over | Yes | 281 | 29.2 | 177 | 32.8 | 104 | 24.6 | 0.006 | * | ||
No | 681 | 70.8 | 363 | 67.2 | 318 | 75.4 | |||||
Out-of-pocket subscription to any journal over the past year | Yes | 236 | 24.5 | 153 | 28.3 | 83 | 19.7 | 0.002 | * | ||
No | 726 | 75.5 | 387 | 71.7 | 339 | 80.3 | |||||
Experience in reading any specialized book over the past year | Yes | 583 | 60.6 | 352 | 65.2 | 231 | 54.7 | 0.001 | * | ||
No | 379 | 39.4 | 188 | 34.8 | 191 | 45.3 | |||||
Membership of any professional association for the current year | Yes | 600 | 62.4 | 361 | 66.9 | 239 | 56.6 | 0.001 | * | ||
No | 362 | 37.6 | 179 | 33.1 | 183 | 43.4 | |||||
Participation in any training or study session over the past year | Yes | 835 | 86.8 | 473 | 87.6 | 362 | 85.8 | 0.410 | |||
No | 127 | 13.2 | 67 | 12.4 | 60 | 14.2 | |||||
Daily lifestyle | 10 daily health practice items (integration of Breslow’s 7 items and Morimoto’s 8 items) | (n = 961 as one missing value) | |||||||||
1. Maintain desirable weight (BMI 18.5 - 24.9) | Yes | 832 | 86.6 | 464 | 85.9 | 368 | 87.4 | 0.503 | |||
No | 129 | 13.4 | 76 | 14.1 | 53 | 12.6 | |||||
2. Moderate or no alcohol consumption | Yes | 897 | 93.3 | 510 | 94.4 | 387 | 91.9 | 0.120 | |||
No | 64 | 6.7 | 30 | 5.6 | 34 | 8.1 | |||||
3. Do not smoke | Yes | 936 | 97.4 | 528 | 97.8 | 408 | 96.9 | 0.403 | |||
No | 25 | 2.6 | 12 | 2.2 | 13 | 3.1 | |||||
4. Regular exercise | Yes | 383 | 39.9 | 227 | 42.0 | 156 | 37.1 | 0.118 | |||
No | 578 | 60.1 | 313 | 58.0 | 265 | 62.9 | |||||
5. Get enough sleep (7 - 8 hours) | Yes | 619 | 64.4 | 344 | 63.7 | 275 | 65.3 | 0.603 | |||
No | 342 | 35.6 | 196 | 36.3 | 146 | 34.7 |