Structure/Molecule

Inhibitory Function

Glial Scar

Inhibitory structure that acts as an absolute barrier for regenerating axons.

Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans (CSPGs), Ephrins, Semaphorins

Glial scar tissue molecules that inhibit axonal growth.

Neurocan, Versican, NG2

Proteins present in CSPGs that are regulated positively after injury to the Central Nervous System in order to block axonal regeneration.

Sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains

Inhibit axon growth, largely by GTPase Rho.

Meningeal cells in CNS injuries

Main component of the lesion nucleus that acts as a barrier to axonal growth.

Myelin

Second largest source of axonal growth inhibitory molecules and stimulated by oligodendrocytes.

NogoA, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG), CSPG versican, Oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), Semaphorin 4D

Molecules identified in myelin that lead to axonal inhibition via receptors, such as the Nogo receptor.