16 | Permanggiani et al. 2010 [60] | Italy | C/S study 550 ED HCWs | - | 86.60% | 88.60% | 35.80% | 50.10% | 90.50% | |||
17 | Jeoeg et al. 2008 [61] | South Korea | 158 Nurses from 7 general hospitals | - | - | - | 12 % always double glove | - | 2% | 10% | ||
18 | Abdulrahem et al. 2012 [42] | Nigeria | 251 HCWs | 13% | 2.50% | |||||||
19 | Ogoina et al. 2015 [43] | Nigeria | 270 HCWs | 90% | 95% | 50.80% | - | - | - | - | ||
20 | Otovwe et al. 2017 [89] | Nigeria | 200 HWCs | 79% | 91.50% | |||||||
21 | Johnson et al. 2012 [90] | Nigeria | 360 HCWs | 54% - 64.2% | 53% - 64% | 86.60% | - | |||||
22 | Ibeziako et al. 2006 [45] | Nigeria | C/S, 246 HCWs | 50.40% | 43.90% | |||||||
23 | Sadoh et al. 2006 [47] | Nigeria | C/S, 433 HCWs | 94.60% | 638% | 33% | ||||||
24 | Hanafi et al. 2011 [33] | Egypt | C/S of HCWs | 58.70% | 46.30% | 63.80% |