| 25 | Zaidi et al. 2012 [82] | United Emirate | C/S, 230 HCWs | 66 | |||
| 26 | Raghavendran et al. [23] | United Kingdom | Survey of 258 Critical care staff | 373PEI/3years, 7.2% | 53%/years of practice | ||
| 27 | Smith et al. 2005, [26] | Australia | Survey of 373 cases of PI | 38.9% needle stick | 63.50% | ||
| 28 | Guest et al. 2014 [21] | Australia | 256/1100 nurses | 13,041 BBFE/yr | - | 90% | |
| 29 | Venier et al. 2007 [25] | France | HCWs In 375 Health Centres | 249 exposure/yr | 0.7/at risk HCW | ||
| 30 | Omar et al. [34] | Kuwait | Retrospective, 249 HCWs | 60 NSIs/2yrs 4 months | 75% NSI | ||
| 31 | Falafel et al. 2007 [83] | Greece | 3.48/100FTEY and @risk staff | 24.0/1000 Obs | |||
| 32 | Grimond et al. 2013 [24] | USA | HCWs in 129 hospitals | 4.8/100OBs/yr | 100NSIs/100 OBs | ||
| 33 | Yoshikawa et al. 2013 [35] | Japan | 5463 HCWs from 67 Hosp | ||||
| 34 | Rice et al. 2015 [36] | England | 10 years analysis of Per & muco-cutaneous Exposures | 2957 Sharp injury recorded in 10 years | - | ||
| 35 | Wicker et al. 2008 [37] | Germany | Case control study involving 13358, 20163 & 13381 tested for HbsAg, |
| 432/1342 (32.3%) NSIs | ||
| 35 | Shiao et al. 2002 [39] | Taiwan | AntiHCV, & HIV 1085 patient tested for HBV, HCV, HIV | 7550NSI by 8645 HCWs | - | 23.3 |