Score category

Mean difference (%)

SD

(%)

Test statistic

p-value

Pre-training-and immediate post-training

All study population score (n = 202)

38.05

27.59

t(df201) = 19.58

<0.0001

Debriefing group score (n = 106)

40.68

29.26

t(df105) = 14.31

<0.0001

Control group scores (n = 96)

35.06

25.44

t(df95) = 13.50

<0.0001

Pre-training and retention post-training

All study population score (n = 202)

40.35

27.50

20.85

<0.0001

Debriefing group score (n = 106)

52.57

25.22

21.46

<0.0001

Control group score (n = 96)

26.86

23.39

22.12

<0.0001