Substance applied

Level of education

χ²

p-value

None

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Total

Dusting powder

1 (14.3%)

0 (0%)

2 (2.1%)

1 (0.8%)

4 (1.5%)

9.2049

0.0267

Local herbs (nchaonwu)

0 (0%)

2 (5.9%)

1 (1.1%)

0 (0%)

3 (1.1%)

8.7401

0.0330

Cowdung

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0.0000

1.0000

Tooth paste (close-up)

1 (14.3%)

4 (11.8%)

6 (6.2%)

3 (2.2%)

14 (5.1%)

6.8506

0.0768

Vaseline

2 (28.6%)

11 (32.4%)

24 (24.7%)

16 (11.9%)

53 (19.4%)

10.7084

0.0134

Hot water

4 (57.1%)

17 (50.0%)

34 (35.1%)

25 (31.1%)

80 (29.3%)

18.7754

0.0003

Methylated spirit

3 (42.7%)

23 (67.7%)

82 (84.5%)

118 (87.4%)

226 (82.9%)

15.5295

0.0014

Chlorhexidine

0 (0%)

1 (2.9%)

11 (11.3%)

27 (20.0%)

39 (14.3%)

9.0275

0.0289