Characteristics | n (%) | Functional HL | Communicative HL | Critical HL Mean | Preventive Lifestyle |
|
| Mean score(SD) | Mean score(SD) | Mean score(SD) | Mean score(SD) |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 350 (47) | 14.4 (2.7) | 17.6 (3.7) | 14.3 (3.0) | 6.9 (1.5) |
Female | 393 (53) | 14.0 (2.7) | 18.2 (3.4) | 14.9 (2.8) | 7.6 (1.2) |
P value |
| 10.995 | 10.360 | 10.018 | 1<0.001 |
Age group |
|
|
|
|
|
Young adults (18 - 25) | 191 (26) | 14.4 (2.8) | 17.7 (3.8) | 14.3 (3.2) | 7.4 (1.4) |
Adulthood (26 - 40) | 282 (38) | 14.1 (2.6) | 17.8 (3.5) | 14.6 (2.8) | 7.32 (1.4) |
Middle age (40 - 60) | 212 (29) | 14.1 (2.7) | 18.1 (3.6) | 14.8 (2.9) | 7.1 (1.4) |
Old age (>60) | 58 (8) | 14.4 (3.0) | 18.3 (2.7) | 15.0 (2.5) | 7.2 (1.5) |
P value |
| 20.899 | 20.104 | 20.011 | 20.109 |
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
Married | 469 (63) | 14.4 (2.8) | 18.2 (3.3) | 14.7 (2.8) | 7.3 (1.4) |
Not married | 245 (33) | 13.6 (2.4) | 17.4 (3.9) | 14.5 (3.0) | 7.3 (1.4) |
Divorced | 29 (4) | 14.5 (2.7) | 18.1 (3.7) | 14.3 (3.4) | 6.8 (1.5) |
P value |
| 20.001 | 20.011 | 20.587 | 20.182 |
Ethnic groups |
|
|
|
|
|
Malay | 150 (20.2) | 15.2 (2.91) | 19.0 (3.14) | 15.6 (2.4) | 7.4 (1.3) |
Iban | 149 (20.1) | 14.1 (2.47) | 18.1 (3.51) | 14.9 (2.74) | 7.2 (1.4) |
Chinese | 175 (23.6) | 14.0 (2.44) | 18.4 (3.17) | 15.0 (3.00) | 7.4 (1.3) |
Other Native groups | 269 (36.2) | 13.8 (2.79) | 16.8 (3.75) | 13.7 (2.94) | 7.1 (1.6) |
|
| 2<0.001 | 2<0.001 | 2<0.001 | 20.025 |
Employment status |
|
|
|
|
|
Employed | 350 (47.1) | 14.1 (2.65) | 18.1 (3.6) | 14.9 (2.9) | 7.1 (1.5) |
Self employed | 167 (22.5) | 14.5 (2.78) | 18.0 (3.1) | 14.8 (2.6) | 7.2 (1.3) |
Unemployed | 226 (30.4) | 14.2 (2.77) | 17.5 (3.8) | 14.1 (3.1) | 7.6 (1.2) |
|
| 20.300 | 20.186 | 20.003 | 20.009 |
Education level |
|
|
|
|
|
No formal education | 63 (9) | 15.5 (2.9) | 17.6 (3.4) | 13.7 (3.2) | 6.8 (1.6) |
Primary education | 126 (17) | 15.1 (2.9) | 17.7 (3.4) | 14.3 (2.9) | 7.3 (1.4) |
Secondary education | 405 (55) | 13.9 (2.7) | 18.1 (3.7) | 14.8 (2.8) | 7.3 (1.4) |
Tertiary education | 149 (20) | 13.5 (2.3) | 17.8 (3.4) | 14.9 (3.1) | 7.3 (1.4) |