28-item General Health Questionnaire

Somatic symptoms

Anxiety and insomnia

Social dysfunction

Severe depression

Males (n = 87)

Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale

Subscale 1

0.09

0.08

0.15

0.04

Subscale 2

0.31**

0.36**

0.11

0.05

Subscale 3

0.14

0.06

−0.06

0.04

Female (n = 53)

Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale

Subscale 1

0.05

0.07

0.03

0.14

Subscale 2

0.39**

0.26

−0.07

0.29*

Subscale 3

−0.03

0.27

−0.41**

0.22