Smartphone dependence

FC1

FC2

FC3

FC4

FC5

I feel anxious when I forget to take my smartphone with me or when I am not able to use my smartphone

0.595

0.282

0.120

0.320

0.053

I feel impatient and restless when my smartphone is unavailable

0.567

0.112

0.366

0.382

0.151

I feel pleasant or excited while using a smartphone

0.411

0.289

0.275

0.048

−0.045

My smartphone is on my mind even when I am not using it

0.484

0.254

0.312

0.119

0.185

I would not be able to tolerate not having a smartphone

0.687

0.333

0.063

0.058

0.014

I feel anxious when I have not prepared my charging pack or battery for my smartphone

0.483

0.057

0.192

0.085

0.101

I use my smartphone while walking

0.465

0.156

−0.001

0.026

0.195

I am able to get rid of stress by using a smartphone

0.483

0.313

0.254

−0.009

−0.055

I don’t really want to go to places where smartphone signals are weak

0.637

0.076

0.202

0.250

0.033

It would be painful if I was not allowed to use a smartphone

0.692

0.380

0.123

0.061

−0.013

My smartphone use has increased

0.029

0.625

0.042

0.057

0.145

I have missed planned work due to smartphone use

0.250

0.518

0.225

0.299

0.110

I involuntarily touch my smartphone

0.305

0.579

−0.032

0.075

0.070

I have reduced my study, work or hobby time due to smartphone use

0.213

0.611

0.194

0.214

0.250

I use my smartphone for longer periods than I hadintended

0.270

0.584

− 0.003

0.056

0.107

I need to spend an increasing amount of time using my smartphone to achieve the same satisfaction as before

0.161

0.615

0.358

0.068

0.092

I have tried to shorten my smartphone use time, but always fail

0.392

0.609

0.179

0.180

0.069

Spending a lot of time on my smartphone has become a habit

0.339

0.523

0.287

0.054

0.018

I feel that my communication with my smartphone is more enjoyable than conversations with my real-life people

0.117

0.203

0.642

0.031

0.116

It is difficult to communicate with other people without using a smartphone for that

0.259

0.198

0.471

−0.036

0.112

I prefer to use my smartphone over spending

time with my family or friends

0.200

0.024

0.605

−0.068

0.140

My cyber communications with my smartphone are more frequent than my relationships with my real-life people

0.123

0.108

0.536

0.196

0.107

I feel that my relationships with my smartphone friends are more intimate than relationships with my real-life friends

0.079

0.006

0.538

0.060

−0.041

I express my true feelings better via email or SNS (Line, Twitter, etc.) than by telephone or talking face-to-face

0.063

0.092

0.623

0.161

−0.016

I have a difficult time concentrating in class while studying due to smartphone use

0.220

0.238

0.219

0.752

0.133

I use my smartphone while studying in class, except when it is necessary

0.171

0.132

0.037

0.654

0.118