Variable | LLS* (N = 4012) | HLSǂ (N = 4012) | p value |
Age (year) | 46.3 ± 15.9 | 48.9 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
Age ≥ 65 years | 624 (15.6) | 844 (21.0) | <0.001 |
Female gender | 2273 (56.7) | 2278 (56.8) | 0.910 |
Secondary school or below | 2817 (70.2) | 2866 (71.4) | 0.229 |
Current smoker | 903 (22.5) | 740 (18.4) | <0.001 |
Oral hygiene |
|
|
|
Dental check (less frequent) | 2994 (74.6) | 2731 (68.1) | <0.001 |
Brushing teeth (less frequent) | 2750 (68.5) | 2460 (61.3) | <0.001 |
Using dental floss (less frequent) | 2606 (65.0) | 2469 (61.5) | 0.002 |
Healthy diet |
|
|
|
Balance diet (less frequent) | 1076 (26.8) | 617 (15.4) | <0.001 |
Vegetable intake (less frequent) | 1584 (39.5) | 1186 (29.6) | <0.001 |
Fruit (less frequent) | 2425 (60.4) | 2075 (51.7) | <0.001 |
Water (less frequent) | 1666 (41.5) | 1393 (34.7) | <0.001 |
Regular exercise (less frequent) | 2995 (74.7) | 2646 (66.0) | <0.001 |
Self-reported sleep quality |
|
| <0.001 |
Unsatisfied | 1297 (32.4) | 558 (13.9) |
|
Fair | 1939 (48.3) | 1086 (27.1) |
|
Satisfied | 776 (19.3) | 2368 (59.0) |
|
Self-perceived health status |
|
| <0.001 |
Unsatisfied | 846 (21.1) | 227 ( 5.7) |
|
Fair | 2976 (74.2) | 883 (22.0) |
|
Satisfied | 190 ( 4.7) | 2902 (72.3) |
|